《科学》杂志曾于创刊125周年之际发布过125个推动基础科学研究的科学难题,对指引其后十几年的科学发展产生积极影响。
16年过去了,科技发展日新月异,科学突破层出不穷,许多问题得到一定程度的解答,一些问题更深入。“巨大的变化在许多科学领域发生,现在正是回顾过往和展望未来的大好时机(great time),来寻找科学灵感。我相信这些问题将成为代表未来的年轻人思考的重要部分。”世界顶尖科学家协会副主席、2013年诺贝尔化学奖的主Michael Levitt在致辞中说到。
此次125个科学问题《科学》杂志专刊作为交大建校125周年纪念活动之一,问题征集结合国际前沿、全球共需、科学发展,聚焦前瞻重大科学问题,面向科学家、学生、社会征集。世界顶尖科学家协会也发挥资源优势,邀请诺贝尔奖、沃尔夫奖、拉斯克奖、图灵奖、麦克阿瑟天才奖等世界“最强大脑”共同参与,共同讨论人类当前与未来面对的科学问题。
Astronomy
1. How many dimensions are there in space?
2. What is the shape of the universe?
2.宇宙的形状是怎样的?
3. Where did the big bang start?
3.大爆炸从何处开始?
4. Why don't the orbits of planets decay and cause them to crash into each other?
4.为什么行星的轨道不衰减并导致它们相互碰撞?
5. When will the universe die? Will it continue to expand?
5.宇宙何时消亡?它会继续膨胀吗?
6. Is it possible to live permanently on another planet?
6.我们有可能在另一个星球上长期居住吗?
7. Why do black holes exist?
8. What is the universe made of?
8.宇宙是由什么构成的?
9. Are we alone in the universe?
9.我们是宇宙中唯一的生命体吗?
10. What is the origin of cosmic rays?
10.宇宙射线的起源是什么?
11. What is the origin of mass?
11.物质的起源是什么?
12. What is the smallest scale of space-time?
13. Is water necessary for all life in the universe, or just on Earth?
14. What is preventing humans from carrying out deep-space exploration?
14.是什么阻止了人类进行深空探测?
15. Is Einstein's general theory of relativity correct?
16. How are pulsars formed?
17. Is our Milky Way Galaxy special?
17.我们的银河系特别吗?
18. What is the volume, composition, and significance of the deep biosphere?
18.深层生物圈的规模、组成和意义是什么?
19. Will humans one day have to leave the planet (or die trying)?
19.人类有一天会不得不离开地球吗(还是会在尝试中死去)?
20. Where do the heavy elements in the universe come from?
20.宇宙中的重元素来自何处?
21. Is it possible to understand the structure of compact stars and matter?
21.有可能了解致密恒星和物质的结构吗?
22. What is the origin of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos?
22.高能宇宙中微子的起源是什么?
23. What is gravity?
23.什么是重力?19. Will humans one day have to leave the planet (or die trying)?
19.人类有一天会不得不离开地球吗(还是会在尝试中死去)?
20. Where do the heavy elements in the universe come from?
20.宇宙中的重元素来自何处?
21. Is it possible to understand the structure of compact stars and matter?
21.有可能了解致密恒星和物质的结构吗?
22. What is the origin of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos?
22.高能宇宙中微子的起源是什么?
23. What is gravity?